The partial substitution of Cd by La ions in CdWO4 nanocrystal for the efficiently enhanced electrochemical sensing of BPA

Abstract Crystal structure modification was introduced into CdWO 4 via La doping strategy and the characterization results of SEM, XRD, TEM and EDS confirmed the morphology, crystal phase structure and composition of the CdWO 4 and La-doped CdWO 4 nanorods. Meanwhile, the partial substitution of Cd by La ions in CdWO 4 nanocrystal was confirmed via some classic formulas. Excellent electrocatalytic performance was obtained on the electrochemical sensing interface when the La ions were doped into the CdWO 4 lattice. The exquisite and regular rod-like 1.0% La-doped CdWO 4 modified electrchemical sensor was established and applied to detect BPA with a highly sensitive detection limit (2.0 × 10 −8  M). The more excellent electrocatalytic activity of 1.0% La-doped CdWO 4 than other doping ratio nanomaterials was verified. The possible mechanism of the electrochemical catalysis of BPA was proposed based on the effective electrochemical analysis methods (EIS, CV and I-T) and the deductions from various physicochemical characterizations. More electron transmission channels were formed in the crystal due to the moderate amount of La ions in CdWO 4 nanorods. Unprecedently, electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials can be more efficiently promoted through regulating the doping atmosphere of crystal within the materials. This novel strategy will potentially provide a significant reference for solving the related electrocatalysis and electrochemical sensing interface's problems.