Parameters Influencing the Removal of Fractured Instruments

The removal of a fractured instrument is influenced by factors related to the type of the tooth and particularly the anatomy of the root and the morphology of the root canal with the fragment especially its cross-sectional shape and diameter, the location of the fragment in relation to the canal orifice, and the existing curvature. It is universally recognized that the location of the fragment in relation to the curvature of the root canal is the main determinant, rather than the method used to retrieve it. The material, the type, and the length of the fragment are among the parameters influencing its removal. The operator’s knowledge and dexterity, the armamentarium available, and the familiarity with the chosen technique are key influencing factors. Last but not least, the patient’s anatomical factors and cooperativeness are also parameters influencing management of fractured instruments.