MIMO-SAR signal transmitting and receiving method based on space-time coding

The invention provides an MIMO-SAR signal transmitting and receiving method based on space-time coding. The MIMO-SAR signal transmitting and receiving method is suitable for transmitting and receiving of dual-transmitter multiple-receiver SAR system signals. The technical scheme is that the MIMO-SAR signal transmitting and receiving method comprises: a signal transmitting step, namely the sum of two transmitting periods is integrated to one PRI at the transmitting end; a signal receiving step, namely received time domain N-dimensional vector signals are subjected to spatial filtering to obtain time-frequency domain AIT two-dimensional vector signals; transmitted waveforms are utilized to establish a frequency domain Alamouti decoding two-dimensional matrix; the frequency domain AIT two-dimensional vector signal with the frequency domain Alamouti decoding two-dimensional matrix are multiplied obtain frequency domain decoding two-dimensional vector signal, and then inverse fourier transform is performed to obtain a two-dimensional vector signal with two separated transmitting channel. The MIMO-SAR signal transmitting and receiving method can achieve virtual image inhibition and eliminate inter-channel crosstalk, and meanwhile is suitable for even wide scene distributed target observation and sparse strong-scattering target observation under the weak scattering background.