The minimal sampling frequency of the photoplethysmogram for accurate pulse rate variability parameters in healthy volunteers

Abstract Objective Today mobile health-monitoring devices calculate heart rate and its variability mostly from the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Minimizing the power consumption is crucial, one option is optimizing the signal sampling rate. Present study aimed to determine the minimal sampling frequency of the PPG signal, which is sufficient for accurate heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Methods 57 high-quality, 5-minute PPG signals from healthy volunteers sampled at 1 kHz (master) were decimated by a factor of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, then cubic spline and parabola interpolated back to 1 ms resolution. The mean pulse rate, its standard deviation (SDNN), root mean square of successive RR-differences (RMSSD), Porta and Guzik indices (PI, GI) were calculated. Their relative accuracy error (RAE) was determined, RAE Results 200ms sampling interval without interpolation is sufficient to calculate mean pulse rate with RAE Conclusions For monitoring the average heart rate, 5 Hz sampling frequency can be sufficient without interpolation in healthy subjects. Correct HRV analysis requires higher sampling rates depending on the parameter. Interpolation can improve HRV accuracy from lower temporal resolution PPGs.