Effects of ozone as a stand-alone and coagulation- aid treatment on the reduction of trihalomethanes precursors from high DOC and hardness water

This study investigates the effect of ozone as a stand-alone and coagulation aid on the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the water with a high level of DOC (13.8 mgL � 1 ) and calcium hardness (270 mgL � 1 ) CaCO3. Natural water collected from the Assiniboine River (Manitoba, Canada) was used in this