The effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and peptides extracted from yoghurt on glucose uptake and gene expression in human primary skeletal muscle myotubes from obese and obese diabetic participants

Abstract Incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G), or peptides with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, alone or in combination, alter glucose regulation in human primary myotubes derived from obese and obese T2DM participants. In the obese group, both low and high concentration of peptides and the combination of these peptides with high C3G concentration significantly enhanced glucose uptake in the presence or absence of insulin, and high concentration of peptide alone and its combination with low C3G down-regulated the mRNA expression of angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR-1), and up-regulated the mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). However, only high peptide concentration increased glucose uptake in the absence of insulin in the obese T2DM group, and the expression of AGTR-1 was decreased with high peptide and its combinations of C3G.