Impacts of surface wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing on the upper ocean circulation

Using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), six experiments configured for three different domains: Global Ocean, South China Sea (SCS) and Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA), are designed to investigate the effects of wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) on ocean surface phenomena including circulation, temperature and mixing processes. CSF calculated using wave parameters simulated by the WaveWatch III (WW3) model, which is used as a part of the driving force for HYCOM. The results indicated that: 1) CSF does not fundamentally change the circulation pattern in the upper ocean mixed-layer (ML), 2) over most of the global ocean, the direction of Stokes transports (TS) is different from that of the changes in depth-integrated current transports (Tc) caused by CSF, 3) the monthly-mean TcD in the ML varies from month to month in both direction and magnitude, and the CSF plays a more significant role in regions of intensive gyre, such as the area near Yucatan Channel, than in regions of weak currents, 4) both Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Mixed-Layer Depth (MLD) are noticeably influenced by the CSF.    Key words: Coriolis-Stokes forcing, upper ocean mixed layer, currents, stokes transport.