Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic detoxification of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over terpyridine-derivatized Au nanoparticles on carbon paper and indium-tin-oxide electrodes

Abstract Detoxification of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the environment and development of corresponding new materials and detoxification protocols have actively been studied and applied. Herein, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-thiol (STpy) was functionalized on Au nanoparticle (NP)-loaded carbon paper (CP) and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes (CP-AuNP and ITO-AuNP, respectively), and the photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic detoxification of Cr(VI) using the resulting electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G level was used for geometry optimization, and the electronic energy state calculation was conducted at the TD-SCF/DFT/B3LYP level. For bare CP, ITO, and STpy-modified AuNP electrodes, the reduction potentials of Cr(VI) were around +0.3, -0.2 V, and +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. The PEC and photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance of CP-AuNP was significantly improved upon STpy functionalization. Thus, these newly developed functionalized systems can provide very useful information for further improving the detoxification performances for various hazardous metals.