Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia vulgaris Harvested at Different Growth Periods Under Indo-Gangetic Plain Conditions

Abstract Artemisia vulgaris was cultivated under subtropical Indo-gangetic plain conditions to determine the differences in the chemical composition of its essential oil produced from plants harvested at different growth periods using a combination of GC and GC/MS. The oil yield ranged from 0.1–0.5%. The leaf oil was found to be rich in 1,8-cineole (2.2–12.2%), α-thujone (0–11.4%), camphor (15.7–23.1%) and isoborneol (9.3–20.9%). The fruit oil contained α-thujone (15.5–16.0%) and artemisia alcohol (16.3–17.7%) as major components, while camphor (38.7%) predominated in the flower oil.