Thinking on the Origins of Civilization and Country

The origins of civilization and country are very complicated and opinions vary. The model suggested in "Ancient Society" by Morgan was very powerless in explaining new discoveries of Chinese archaeology. But to symbols for civilization and country in traditional archaeology such as hereditary system, city,writing, large cite, class and stratum, the origin of every country also had its respective characteristics because of the differences of natural conditions. Therefore, the Chinese origin should have its own characteristics.