Chapter 36 – Dementia and Insulin Resistance: Implications for Diet and Nutrition

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by profound memory loss and progressive dementia. There is evidence that oxidative stress, low intake of vitamins B6, B12, folate, fats, and alcohol have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recent longitudinal studies have shown that AD and glucose metabolism disorders are related. One explanation could be that vascular complications of diabetes result in neurodegenerative disease. In addition to its peripheral metabolic effects, insulin also plays an important role in brain functions. Insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia are the mechanisms suggested to explain the increased AD risk in subjects with diabetes. Insulin sensitivity can be influenced not only by total energy intake, but also by diet composition. The existing evidence does not support the recommendation of specific supplements, foods, or diets for the prevention of AD. However, specific components that reduce insulin resistance could be useful for preventing AD.