Synthesis, characterization, in vitro tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) inhibition studies and computational evaluation of novel thiazole derivatives

Abstract Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are a class of homodimeric enzymes which physiologically possess the dephosphorylation ability. APs catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoesters into phosphoric acid which in turn catalyze a transphosphorylation reaction. Thiazoles are nitrogen and sulfur containing aromatic heterocycles considered as effective APs inhibitors. In this context, the current research paper presents the successful synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro alkaline phosphatase inhibitory potential of new thiazole derivatives. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies were performed to find out the binding modes of the screened compounds with the target site of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (h-TNAP) as well as intestinal alkaline phosphatase (h-IAP). Compound 5e was found to be potent inhibitor of h-TNAP with IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.01 µM. Additionally, compounds 5a and 5i were found to be highly selective toward h-TNAP with IC50 values of 0.25 ± 0.01 µM and 0.21 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. In case of h-IAP compound 5f was the most potent inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.33 ± 0.10 µM. The most active compounds were resort to molecular docking studies on h-TNAP and h-IAP to explore the possible binding interactions of enzyme-ligand complexes. Molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to investigate the overall stability of protein in apo and holo state.