Otolaryngologic manifestations of pediatric immunodeficiency

Many adults and children with an underlying immunodeficiency can frequently present to ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeons. This work deals with the presentation, investigation and management of immunocompromised children in ENT practise. Both primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and secondary or acquired immunodeficiencies such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are here discussed. The aim of this work is to give a complete and exhaustive description of ENT manifestations in immunodeficiency, and to outline basic principles to guide clinical practice.