An assessment of the variation in the concentration of acetylcysteine in infusions for the treatment of paracetamol overdose

Background Intravenous acetylcysteine is the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. A previous UK study in 2001 found that 39% of measured acetylcysteine infusion concentrations differed by >20% from anticipated concentrations. In 2012 the UK Commission on Human Medicines made recommendations for the management of paracetamol overdose, including provision of weight-based acetylcysteine dosing tables. The aim of this study was to assess variation in acetylcysteine concentrations in administered infusions following the introduction of this guidance. Methods A 6-month single-centre prospective study was undertaken at a UK teaching hospital. After preparation, 5 ml samples were taken from the first, second and third/any subsequent acetylcysteine infusions. Acetylcysteine was measured in diluted (1:50) samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparisons between “measured” versus “expected” concentrations based on prescribed weight-based dose and volume were made for each infusion. Results 90 samples were collected. There was a variation of ≤10% in measured compared to expected concentration for 45 (50%) infusions, of 10-20% for 27 (30%) infusions, 20.1-50% for 14 (16%) infusions and >50% for 4 (4%) infusions. There was a median (IQR) variation in measured compared to expected concentration of -3.6 mg/mL (-6.7 to -2.3) for the first-infusion, +0.2 mg/mL (-0.9 to + 0.4) for the second-infusion and -0.3 mg/mL (-0.6 to + 0.2) for third- and fourth-infusions. Conclusion There has been a moderate improvement in the variation in acetylcysteine dose administered by infusion. Further work is required to understand the continuing variation and consideration should be given to simplification of acetylcysteine regimes to decrease the risk of administration errors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.