Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Ureteral Access Sheath in a Transplanted Kidney: Case Report and Literature Review

This is the case of a 69-year-old woman with a history of right iliac fossa living-related kidney transplant that developed acute renal failure due to an obstructing stone in the proximal transplant ureter. She was successfully treated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy wherein a 14-Fr tract was created with serial dilation and a 14-Fr ureteral access sheath was used for access. A flexible ureteroscope with holmium laser and a helical wire basket were used to fragment and extract the stone, respectively. A 10-Fr nephrostomy tube was left for postoperative drainage. There are only a few published reports of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in transplant kidneys, but those reports suggest that the procedure is safe and effective.