Examining the Difference Between Park and Ride and Kiss and Ride Station Choice Using Spatially Weighted Error Correlation Choice Model

This paper presents an innovative and new discrete choice model formulation: the spatially weighted error correlation (SWEC) logit model for spatial location choices. This model captures the correlation between spatially distinct alternatives based on the relative distance between them. The SWEC model is proven to capture the trend that alternatives that are close together are more correlated than those that are far apart. The SWEC model is applied for the estimation of models of transit station choice for park and ride and kiss and ride (dropped off at transit station) transit commuters. The kiss and ride model has particular relevance due to its ability to capture household tradeoffs made by both the driver and the passenger. The kiss and ride station choice model utilizes the trip characteristics of the driver and the passenger and also considers the subsequent trip made by the driver in the utility specification. This model structure provides additional insights into how station choice occurs for such complex trips. Finally, the use of the SWEC model for both presented models provides a fundamental improvement over conventional approaches, as it is able to capture non-proportional substitution patterns inherent with spatial choices.