Transparent ultra-hydrophobic surfaces

Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention, both in research studies and commercial applications. Both transparent and non-transparent self-cleaning surfaces are highly desired, as they offer many advantages and their potential applications are endless. As in many other cases, also in the case of self-cleaning surfaces, nature found a solution before man. The Lotus flower is a symbol of purity in Asian cultures, even when rising from muddy waters it stays clean and untouched by dirt, organisms and pollutants. The Lotus leaf "self-cleaning" surface is hydrophobic and rough, showing a two-layer morphology. While hydrophobicity produces a high contact angle, the two-layer morphology reduces the adhesion of dirt and water drops to the surface. Because of this low adhesion, water drops easily slide across the leaf surface carrying the dirt particles with them. In the present work the Lotus leaf morphology was mimicked using hydrophobic chemistry and a two-layer topography, with a base layer...