Impediments to international energy R and D cooperation: a political, institutional and legal analysis

The experience of advanced industrialized countries in cooperative ventures of research and development (R and D) was analyzed. Both energy-related and other technologies were examined to find conditions under which the most fruitful cooperation has taken place and to identify those legal and institutional factors which inhibit cooperation. Defined are: (1) international R and D problems and prospects; (2) trends in the formulation of energy R and D policy; and (3) Canadian-American energy R and D relations. Differences in needs and priorities of individual nations were considered as prime factors in determining energy policies and related R and D programs. The absence of energy policies, the free market, environmental conflict, the energy crisis, supply and demand, reserves, resources and production, conservation, patterns of energy R and D, and international cooperation were all studied. The research energy R and D dealt with relations between Canada and the United States, capital and technical constraints, transgovernmental and transnational relations, and domestic factors.