Immunometabolism: An Emerging Target for Immunotherapies to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis

An increasing number of findings highlight the fundamental role of metabolism in autoimmunity. This growing recognition of metabolic irregularities being a factor of immune dysregulation in autoimmunity has provided novel therapeutic opportunities. Although there have been advancements in the field of immunometabolism, it is important to note that strategies to engineer the immune system can also be utilized to modulate immunometabolism of specific immune cells that are involved in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we review the metabolic heterogeneity within RA, and discuss the potential therapies based on immunometabolism and immunoengineering concepts that may reinstate immune tolerance by targeting the metabolic irregularity within specific immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of RA.