Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries

Digital transformation spreads across borders, globalization develops or transforms the economics growth of a nation. Information and communication technology (ICT) fosters the economy; however, it might trigger the income inequality of a country. On this note, income inequality in ASEAN country is relatively higher than other countries. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between ICT and income inequality in ASEAN-5 countries over the study period of 2009 to 2017. Employing panel data estimation method, the results show volume of internet users is found to have the strongest effect on income inequality among the ICT indicators. The findings suggest countries to focus on the innovation of ICT especially on the internet users, mobile cellular subscription and fixed telephone subscription to achieve economic growth and hence reduce income inequality. Investments in ICT infrastructure promote ICT technology cooperation as well as the expansion of ICT especially on the network access to confront with the income inequality.