Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in 31 patients with refractory epilepsy: A single-center retrospective analysis

Abstract Purpose We investigated the efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MP) and responder characteristics in patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods We reviewed medical records of our center to identify patients with refractory epilepsy treated with MP other than continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS), Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS), or Rasmussen's syndrome (RS) between 2004 and 2015. A course of MP consisted of intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day) on three consecutive days. Patients received multiple courses at intervals of four weeks. We examined seizure outcome, developmental outcome, antibodies to N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors (GluRs), cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-albumin/serum–albumin ratio, and interictal electroencephalograms (EEGs). Responder to MP was defined as maintaining seizure reduction rate (SRR) ≥ 50% for three months after the first course of MP. Results Thirty-one consecutive patients treated with MP at our center were studied. Seizure types were focal onset impaired awareness seizure (FIAS) only (n = 23), FIAS with epileptic spasms (ES) (n = 7), and ES only (n = 1). Responder rate was 32.2% (10/31 patients), and seizure-free rate was 9.7% (3/31). Responders constituted 43.5% of patients without ES. No patient with ES was responder. Behavior and cognition also improved in 6 of 10 responders. History of seizure aggravation after inactivated vaccine before MP was found significantly higher rate in responder patients, comparing with nonresponder patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion Methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be considered for possible treatment in patients with focal epilepsy with drug-resistant seizures without ES, and it may improve cognitive function and behavioral comorbidities.