High-precision evaluation of electromagnetic tracking

Purpose Navigation in high-precision minimally invasive surgery (HP-MIS) demands high tracking accuracy in the absence of line of sight (LOS). Currently, no tracking technology can satisfy this requirement. Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) is the best tracking paradigm in the absence of LOS despite limited accuracy and robustness. Novel evaluation protocols are needed to ensure high-precision and robust EMT for navigation in HP-MIS.