Interleukin‐2 induces NF‐κB activation through BCL10 and affects its subcellular localization in natural killer lymphoma cells

Deregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling is common in cancers and is essential for tumourigenesis. Constitutive NF-κB activation in extranodal natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is known to be associated with aberrant nuclear translocation of BCL10. Here we investigated the mechanisms leading to NF-κB activation and BCL10 nuclear localization in ENKLs. Given that ENKLs are dependent on T-cell-derived interleukin-2 (IL2) for cytotoxicity and proliferation, we investigated whether IL2 modulates NF-κB activation and BCL10 subcellular localization in ENKLs. In the present study, IL2-activated NK lymphoma cells were found to induce NF-κB activation via the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to an increase in the entry of G2/M phase and concomitant transcription of NF-κB-responsive genes. We also found that BCL10, a key mediator of NF-κB signalling, participates in the cytokine receptor-induced activation of NF-κB. Knockdown of BCL10 expression resulted in deficient NF-κB signalling, whereas Akt activation was unaffected. Our results suggest that BCL10 plays a role downstream of Akt in the IL2-triggered NF-κB signalling pathway. Moreover, the addition of IL2 to NK cells led to aberrant nuclear translocation of BCL10, which is a pathological feature of ENKLs. We further show that BCL10 can bind to BCL3, a transcriptional co-activator and nuclear protein. Up-regulation of BCL3 expression was observed in response to IL2. Similar to BCL10, the expression and nuclear translocation of BCL3 were induced by IL2 in an Akt-dependent manner. The nuclear translocation of BCL10 was also dependent on BCL3 because silencing BCL3 by RNA interference abrogated this translocation. We identified a critical role for BCL10 in the cytokine receptor-induced NF-κB signalling pathway, which is essential for NK cell activation. We also revealed the underlying mechanism that controls BCL10 nuclear translocation in NK cells. Our findings provide insight into a molecular network within the NF-κB signalling pathway that promotes the pathogenesis of NK cell lymphomas. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.