Acute Transfusion Reactions

The critical step in the treatment of transfusion reactions is determining the type and severity of the reaction. Hypotension is an ominous sign and may signal either an anaphylactic or acute hemolytic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions typically occur in IgA deficient patients who have been transfused before and are thus sensitized to IgA. This type of reaction causes hypotension, facial edema, and laryngeal edema leading to wheezing, stridor, and possible airway compromise. It usually begins within minutes after starting the transfusion.