SSH Reveals different functional categories of putative resin synthesizing genes in the industrial insect, kerria lacca (kerr)

Abstract Biosynthesis mechanism of the only animal resin, lac resin remains elusive to the scientific community. An attempt to identify the genes of resin biosynthesis in lac insects was made through SSH (Suppression Subtraction Hybridization) library by subtracting genes of resin non secreting stage (neonate nymphs) from the resin secreting stage (adult female) of the lac insect. SSH library yielded 107 non redundant clones with 61 clones having sequences homologous with known functions (defence, development, metabolism, regulation, transport, cell division, respiration, structural role), 7 clones having hypothetical proteins or uncharacterized proteins and 39 clones did not find any matches. Among the differentially expressed genes, few putative genes of terpene biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation were identified. Out of them, an IDS (Isopentenyl Diphosphate Synthase) type decaprenyl diphosphate synthase and a desaturase gene, acyl-CoA delta desaturase were cloned from lac insects and sequenced. Their expression levels were found to be more in lac resin synthesis stages such as settled nymphs and fertilized female insects in comparison with resin non secreting stage, crawlers (neonate nymphs). It gives a clear indication of their role in lac resin biosynthesis due to the correlation of their expression level with resin biosynthesis in lac insects.