Precision medicine in glioblastoma therapy

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary central nervous system tumor associated with a poor prognosis. Radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy with temozolomide has been proven to increase survival, but traditional treatments remain of limited efficacy in this disease. Other approaches, increasingly complex, are emerging.Areas covered: We will review molecules targeting angiogenesis and microtumor environment, cell surface receptors, and signal transduction pathways, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. We conducted a non-systematic search to identify past and planned human trials using those drugs.Expert commentary: Results from studies using targeted therapy in GBM have been under expectations. This could signal a need for a more tailored approach or the simultaneous use of drugs with different targets.