Campestanol (24-methyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol) absorption and distribution in New Zealand white rabbits: Effect of dietary sitostanol

Campestanol (24-methyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol) is a naturally occurring plant stanol, structurally similar to cholesterol (5-cholesten-3β-ol) and widely distributed in vegetable oils consumed in human diets. We measured the absorption and turnover of campestanol by the plasma dual-isotope ratio method and mathematical analysis of specific activity versus time decay curves after simultaneous oral and intravenous pulse-labeling with [3α-3H]- and [23-14C]-labeled campestanol, respectively, in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits; six fed chow and six fed chow with 125 mg/d campestanol and 175 mg/d sitostanol (24-ethyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol). Plasma concentrations increased insignificantly from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/dL with dietary stanols. The percent campestanol absorption measured by the plasma dual-isotope ratio method after the rabbits were fasted for 6 hours yielded the percent absorption in the absence of competing intestinal sterols and stanols and declined insignificantly from 11.6% ± 3.5% in controls to 8.1% ± 3.7% in the treated rabbit groups. In contrast, the turnover, which measured actual absorption averaged over 24 hours, increased from 0.12 ± 0.05 to 0.37 ± 0.05 mg/d (P < .05) with campestanol and sitostanol added to the diet. However, the actual percent absorption declined from 3% to 0.3% of dietary intake with the campestanol and sitostanol—enriched diet. Campestanol pool sizes, although remaining small, increased slightly from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 2.5 ± 1.5 mg. The removal constant (KA) from pool A (MA) did not change significantly with added dietary campestanol and sitostanol (KA= − 0.040 ± 0.005 v −0.037 ± 0.007 d−1). The results demonstrate small campestanol plasma concentrations and body pools even when the rabbits consumed substantial amounts because (1) intestinal absorption was limited and (2) was further reduced by competing dietary sitostanol, and (3) campestanol was removed rapidly from the body. Thus, campestanol, which shares the same basic structure and intestinal absorption pathway with cholesterol, does not accumulate when fed, and may be incorporated into the diet to block cholesterol absorption.