Analysis of Premature Delivery Reasons and Complications of Premature Infants

Objective To analyze the reasons of premature delivery and incidence of common complications of premature infants, take measures to prevent premature delivery and provide a theoretical basis for premature infant management. Methods A retrospective investigation was carried out in 439 cases of premature infants' clinical information during November 2008 to February 2011 in neonatal ward and born in obstetrics department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. According to gestational age, they were divided into 28-31+ 6 gestational week group (60 cases) and 32-36+ 6 gestational week group (379 cases); According to birth weight, they were divided into birth weight<1 500 g group (51 cases) and birth weight≥1 500 g group (388 cases). The causes of premature delivery and incidence of complications between different gestational age groups or different birth weight groups were analyzed.The incidence of different complications between different gestational age groups were compared.The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Beings of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.Informed consent was obtained from the parents of each participating patient. Results Mother's pregnancy termination history (44.6%), premature rupture of membrane (44.2%) and unknown reasons (21.0%) were the main causes of premature delivery.Two or more causes maybe exist in one premature, for instance, twins complicated with premature rupture of membrane.The incidence of complications in 28-31+ 6 gestational week group was statistically higher than that of 32-36+ 6 gestational week group(χ2=5.902, P<0.05); The incidence of complications in birth weight<1 500 g group was statistically higher than that of birth weight≥1 500 g group(χ2=8.052, P<0.05). The main complication of premature infant were hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia, acidosis, low blood calcium, apnea and neonatal scleredema. Premature infants in 28-31+ 6 gestational week group complicated mainly with hyperbilirubinemia, acidosis and neonatal anemia, and in 32-36+ 6 gestational week group complicated mainly with hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and acidosis. The incidence of complications in 28-31+ 6 gestational week group was statistically higher than those in 32-36+ 6 gestational week group(P<0.05). Conclusions The pregnant women with the history of pregnancy termination and premature rupture of membranes may more easily cause premature delivery.For gestational age<32 weeks and birth weight<1 500 g premature infants should be closely observed of complications and take active treatment to improve the survival rate of premature infants. Key words: Complications; Analysis; Infant, premature