CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ACIDENTES COM EXPOSIÇÃO A MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO / CHARACTERIZATION OF ACCIDENT WITH EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL
2015
Introducao : Acidentes com exposicao a materiais biologicos tem sido considerados fatores preocupantes, pelos prejuizos que acarretam aos trabalhadores e as instituicoes. A exposicao ocupacional e caracterizada pelo contato direto com fluidos potencialmente contaminados e pode ocorrer por inoculacao percutânea, e pelo contato direto com pele e/ou mucosa. Objetivo : Caracterizar os acidentes com exposicao a materiais biologicos ocorridos no Hospital Universitario da Universidade Federal do Maranhao. Metodos : Pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva e exploratoria, realizada no setor da Vigilância Epidemiologica no periodo de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionario sendo contemplados as variaveis referentes ao genero, categoria profissional, tipo de exposicao e esquema vacinal. Resultados : A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu entre profissionais do sexo feminino (84,2%). A categoria profissional mais acometida foi a de tecnicos em enfermagem (42,1%). A exposicao percutânea foi a que mais se destacou com 84,2%. Quanto ao esquema vacinal contra hepatite B, verificouse que 76,3% dos profissionais estavam vacinados com pelo menos uma dose de vacina na ocasiao do acidente. Conclusao : O conhecimento das caracteristicas dos acidentes de trabalho com material biologico ocasionados no Hospital Universitario possibilita a priorizacao das acoes preventivas relacionadas aos processos de trabalho principalmente a manipulacao de perfurocortantes pelos profissionais. Palavras-chave : Acidentes de trabalho. Fatores biologicos. Unidades hospitalares. Abstract Introduction : Accidents involving exposure to biological materials have been considered disturbing factors, for the damage that lead to workers and institutions. Occupational exposure is characterized by direct contact with potentially contaminated fluids and can occur by percutaneous inoculation, and by direct contact with skin and/or mucous. Objective : To characterize the accidents with exposure to biological material occurred at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhao. Methods : descriptive, retrospective and exploratory survey conducted at the Epidemiological Surveillance section from January 2012 to January 2013. Data were collected through the questionnaire being contemplated the variables related to gender, professional category, type of exposure and vaccination regimens. Results : Most accidents occurred among female sex workers (84.2%). The most affected professional category was nursing technicians (42.1%). The percutaneous exposure was the one that stood out with 84.2%. As for the immunization schedule against hepatitis B, it was found that 76.3% of the respondents were vaccinated with at least one dose of vaccine at the time of the accident. Conclusion : The knowledge of the characteristics of occupational accidents with biological material caused at the University Hospital enables the prioritization of preventive actions related to work processes mainly the handling of sharps by professionals. Keywords : Accidents, Occupational. Biological Factors. Hospital units.
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