FREQUENCY OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN HIGH RISK TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS USING ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING IN JINNAH HOSPITAL, LAHORE

Objective: To determine frequency of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using ankle brachial index and its various risk factors in Pakistani patients.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017.Material and Methods: High risk type 2 diabetic patients were recruited for the study. After detailed history and clinical examination, fasting and 2-hours postprandial sugar levels and blood pressure were measured. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was used to measure PAD using portable smart dop instrument. Patients with ABI <0.9 were labeled as having PAD.Results: There were 100 subjects in the study with mean age 54.9 ± 9.1 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.15 ± 2.3 years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 144 ± 14 mm Hg and 91 ± 6 mm Hg respectively. The mean fasting and 2-hours post prandial blood sugar level of the study population were 171.5 ± 9.12 and 202.6 ± 11.3 mg/dl respectively. Based on abnormal ABI <0.9, the prevalence of PAD was 41.0% in our study population. Higher mean age, duration of diabetes mellitus, mean systolic blood pressure and smoking were found to be statistically significant risk factors for PAD (p-value<0.01).Conclusion: PAD was highly prevalent in our population and was significantly associated with higher mean age of patients, longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure and smoking.