The Fusion Gene Landscape in Taiwanese Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background Analyzing fusion gene transcripts may yield an effective approach for selecting cancer treatments. However, few comprehensive analyses of fusions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been performed. Methods We enrolled 54 patients with NSCLC, and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). STAR (Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference)-Fusion was used to identify fusions. Results Of the 218 fusions discovered, 24 had been reported and the rest were novel. Three fusions had the highest occurrence rates. After integrating our gene expression and fusion data, we found that samples harboring fusions containing ASXL1, CACNA1A, EEF1A1, and RET also exhibited increased expression of these genes. We then searched for mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes in each sample and found that nine patients carried both mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes. Furthermore, we found a trend for mutual exclusivity between gene fusions and mutations in the same gene, with the exception of DMD, and we found that EGFR mutations are associated with the number of fusion genes. Finally, we identified kinase gene fusions, and potentially druggable fusions, which may play roles in lung cancer therapy. Conclusion The clinical use of RNA-Seq for detecting driver fusion genes may play an important role in the treatment of lung cancer.