Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Stability of Bleomycin Foam

BACKGROUNDBleomycin (BLM) foam sclerotherapy is effective in the treatment of venous malformations (VMs). Foam stability is influenced by factors such as sclerosant concentration, viscosity, and liquid–gas ratio.OBJECTIVETo investigate whether hyaluronic acid (HA) could increase the stability of BLM