D’Annunzio in France: Translation as Informal Censorship in the Late Nineteenth Century

The translation and publication of the works of Grabriele D’Annunzio in the Revue de Paris and the Revue des Deux Mondes during the first half of the 1890s gives us an opportunity to investigate the negotiation – regarded as a form of censorship – of the contract between author and publisher. Mutilating the text (functional censorship) was a way of expressing literary nationalism. This literary nationalism coincided with the social reality of the readers of these two major « literary and political » reviews that set themselves up as the guardians of esthetic and moral norms while constructing a national literary space.