Gradients and Subgradients of Buffered Failure Probability.

Gradients and subgradients are central to optimization and sensitivity analysis of buffered failure probabilities. We furnish a characterization of subgradients based on subdifferential calculus in the case of finite probability distributions and, under additional assumptions, also a gradient expression for general distributions. Several examples illustrate the application of the results, especially in the context of optimality conditions.