Long-term field study on stabilization of contaminated wastes by growing clonally reproduced Silene vulgaris calamine ecotype

Aims Pseudo-metallophyte Silene vulgaris frequently colonizes polluted areas. We investigated whether plants obtained under in vitro conditions can be used to form long-term communities on zinc-lead tailings rich in cadmium. To this end, we checked the species stabilization capacity and biochemical properties of the area subjected to long-term cultivation of a local S vulgaris ecotype. We focused on evaluation of its ability to accumulate trace metals (TMs) after 10-year cultivation period.