Hot new chemistry from a kiwi pepper tree

Introduction Prior to the colonisation of New Zealand by European immigrants, Māori had developed an extensive knowledge of the native plants and their uses.1 While plants such as mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) were primarily used for crafting weapons and canoes, many other native species were valued for their medicinal properties.1 Harakeke (Phormium tenax) and koromiko (Hebe stricta and H. salicifolia) have a host of uses in treating the sick or injured.1,2 Diarrhoea, sore throats and open wounds can all be cured using different parts of these plants prepared in a variety of different ways.2 Harakeke has an added bonus, as it may also be used to stitch together the skin when treating more serious cuts.1 However, perhaps one of the most prominent native plants in Māori medicine is kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum).