Distributions and pollution status of heavy metals in the suspended particles of the estuaries and coastal area of eastern Hainan

The distributions and pollution status of heavy metals in the suspended particles were investigated in the Wanquan and Wenchang/Wenjiao estuaries and the coastal area of eastern Hainan in July 2008.The concentrations of metal elements(Al,Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,V,Zn) were determined by ICP-AES after microwave digestion.Multivariate statistical methods(e.g.correlation analysis and principal factor analysis) were used to discuss the major factors controlling the variability of heavy metal concentrations and the pollution status in those areas.There was an obvious variability in particulate metal concentrations from upstream to estuary of both rivers.The concentrations first increased with increasing salinity and then decreased with further increase of the salinity;the concentrations were slightly higher at the coastal area in the east.The variability of particulate metal concentrations reduced significantly after the normalization by Al,indicating the effects of grain size.Enrichment factor calculation results showed that there was heavy metal pollution(especially Cu,Ni) in the Wenchang/Wenjiao River and estuary,while the situation in Wanquan River remained at pristine level.Concentrations of particulate metals in the study area were mainly controlled by source geology and provenance,as well as contamination from the discharge of waste water and biological activity.