Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS

Objectives Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncology emergency disorder, which may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), arrhythmias, seizures, and sudden death. Hydration is used to prevent TLS in medium-high risk patients, and treatment in TLS patients. According to the pediatric protocol in Dr. Soetomo District General and Teaching Hospital, close monitoring is required to prevent the progression of hematological malignancy towards TLS. The study aimed to analyze the hydration effect on potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels; serum creatinine (sCr); and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Methods This was an observational and prospective study conducted at Dr. Soetomo District General and Teaching Hospital for four months on 15 pediatric hemato-oncology patients who got TLS and in risk of TLS. Laboratory parameters were observed in 11 days, pre and post hydration. Results Among the 15 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were eight TLS patients and seven TLS risk patients. After hydration administration 67% of TLS patients achieved normal potassium level, 75% achieved normal phosphate level, 0% achieved normal calcium level, and 50% achieved normal sCr and BUN levels. Meanwhile, TLS risk patients reached normal level in all parameters. This difference in performance is caused by disease progression. Conclusions Hydration can maintain serum electrolytes and renal function in a normal range, preventing TLS in TLS risk patients. In TLS patients, hydration only tends slow the progression of the disease.