Binders for refractory gunites

The application of the binders having a developed colloidal phase in the hydration products, for example, liquid glass, is less effective for guniting. The gunites based on such binders remain for a long time in the plastic state and are not held properly on the vertical surfaces and, in particular, on the roof surfaces. The most rational binders for guniting are those which rapidly gain plastic strength within the normal durations of setting: alumina cement, Portland cement, and high-alumina cement containing additives accelerating structure evolution of the cement stone (concrete).