Using Historical Precipitation Patterns to Forecast Daily Extremes of Rainfall for the Coming Decades in Naples (Italy)

The coasts of the Italian peninsula have been recently affected by frequent damaging hydrological events driven by intense rainfall and deluges. The internal climatic mechanisms driving rainfall variability that generate these hydrological events in the Mediterranean are not fully understood. We investigated the simulation skill of a soft-computing approach to forecast extreme rainfalls in Naples (Italy). An annual series of daily maximum rainfall spanning the period between 1866 and 2016 was used for the design of ensemble projections in order to understand and quantify the uncertainty associated with interannual to interdecadal predictability. A predictable structure was first provided, and then elaborated by exponential smoothing for the purposes of training, validation, and forecast. For the time horizon between 2017 and 2066, the projections indicate a weak increase of daily maximum rainfalls, followed by almost the same pace as it was in the previous three decades, presenting remarkable wavelike variations with durations of more than one year. The forecasted pattern is coupled with variations attributed to internal climate modes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).