Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) as an Emerging Risk Factor in the Elderly

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming an increasingly prevalent clinical entity, and its severity is defined by the combination of albuminuria (proteinuria) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Chronicity denotes 3 months and longer. CKD was first recognized as a risk factor for CVD by cardiologists, but the association of CKD with many other diseases, such as bone, muscle, and gastrointestinal diseases, stroke (cognitive function), malignancies, and infection, has become increasingly recognized.