Presence of small sessile serrated polyps increases rate of advanced neoplasia upon surveillance compared with isolated low-risk tubular adenomas

Background and Aims The U.S. Multi-Society Task Force (USMSTF) stratifies patients with sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) without cytologic dysplasia of  Methods Colonoscopy data were retrieved for 2260 patients found to have an adenoma or SSP on pathology records between 2005 and 2011 at an academic medical center. The 788 patients who met study design criteria were stratified into 4 groups based on the presence of a high- or low-risk adenoma (HRA or LRA) and of a synchronous SSP on initial colonoscopy. The rates of advanced neoplasia at surveillance colonoscopy were then compared between groups. Results The rate of advanced neoplasia at surveillance in the LRA inclusive of SSP group (12/66, 18.2%) was greater than in the LRA without any SSP group (29/370, 7.8%; P  = .019). The rate of advanced neoplasia at surveillance in patients with isolated low-risk SSP (10/56, 17.9%) remained significantly greater than those with isolated low-risk tubular adenomas (29/370, 7.8%; P  = .024). The rate of advanced neoplasia upon surveillance in the LRA inclusive of SSP group (18.2%) was comparable with the rate observed in the index HRA without any SSP group (15.9%) (40/252, P  = .709). Conclusions The rate of advanced neoplasia upon surveillance in patients with initial low-risk SSPs is higher than in patients with initial isolated low-risk tubular adenomas and more similar to patients with initial high-risk tubular adenomas. These findings suggest that the rate of metachronous advanced neoplasia in patients with what are considered by USMSTF as "low-risk" SSPs is higher than in those without SSPs. Therefore, a surveillance interval that accounts for the presence of SSPs even in small lesions without cytologic dysplasia should be considered.