Lower face cephalometry based on quadrilateral analysis with cone-beam computed tomography: a clinical pilot study

Objective As most orthognathic surgeries focus on the lower face, the aim of this study was to transfer previously developed two-dimensional cephalometry—which is useful for surgeons in the orthognathic surgery of the lower face—to three-dimensional (3D) cephalometry by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We selected the quadrilateral lower face analysis developed by the surgeon Di Paolo, who focused only for the lower face and mentioned that data in millimeters are more easy to use than angles for surgeons. Additionally, we wanted to create a 3D lower face analysis approach based on quadrilateral analysis and establish a reference table for surgical planning.