Microbial and molecular assessment of Salmonella enterica spp in probiotics fed Giriraja and Sakini breed of Chickens in Nepal

Poultry industry has become an important economic activity in Nepal. There is an increasing interest in finding alternatives to antibiotics for poultry production system. The health promoting effect of probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract is to stimulate the immune response and to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The Salmonella enterica spp, pathogenic bacteria causes low production and high mortality in poultry. The microbial and molecular assessment of Salmonella enterica spp in probiotics fed (at 5%, 10% and 15%) Giriraja and Sakini breed of Chickens was studied. In this study, Salmonella enterica spp isolated from the blood of different probiotics fed Giriraja and Sakini breed of Chickens were assessed for their prevalence in the poultry. The bacteria were isolated in the selective media and biochemically confirmed by the Bergey's manual. One set of oligonucleotide primers, which is genus specific 16s rRNA were employed for the molecular detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The amplified fragment in agarose gel electrophoresis was observed at 406bp and confirmed to be Salmonella enterica spp. Of the 160 samples taken, 52 isolates (control) were confirmed to the bacteria of quest. The prevalence of Salmonella was very low in chickens with high (15%) concentration of Probiotics that reduced the growth of pathogens. Similarly, the prevalence rate was few in 10% concentration of probiotics and many in 5% and control.