Green synthesis of nano-titania (TiO2 NPs) utilizing aqueous Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract: applications in the synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives

We have presented the green synthesis and characterization of nano-titania (TiO2 NPs) by using Eucalyptus globulus leaf aqueous extract in a greener approach leading to their utilization as a catalyst in one-pot, three-component A3 coupling reactions. The composition of the as-prepared TiO2 NPs were confirmed by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering analysis and specific surface area measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. TiO2 NPs exhibited a pure anatase phase structure with an average particle size of 12 nm.