Neurodevelopmental Aspects of Suicide

In this chapter, we are going to discuss about suicide and suicidal behavior from a developmental aspect. In the beginning, we will discuss definitions of suicide and suicidal behavior and known risk factors. The stress-diathesis model of suicidal behavior is going to be presented and describe the course of the suicide process from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Known and promising biomarkers integrated to suicidal process will be analyzed. Focus is going to be on key neurobiological systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the serotonin system, and the oxytocin system. The central role of childhood adversity on neurodevelopment and the impact on suicide will be presented through a genetic and an epigenetic perspective. Finally, we will close the chapter with recommendations for treatment as well as prevention. At the end of the chapter, there is a case study presentation followed by discussion to illustrate a real-life example of suicidal behavior.