Los códigos con información fonológica decaen rápidamente en la lectura normal de textos

espanolUno de los temas de mayor importancia en psicologia cognitiva es el papel de la fonologia durante la lectura. Empleando una tarea de presentacion rapida de series visuales (PRSV), Kanwisher y Potter (1990) encontraron que los participantes tenian problemas a la hora de recordar dos instancias diferentes de la misma representacion fonologica (ate y eight): ceguera perceptiva. Pero, ?son generalizables estos hallazgos a una situacion normal de lectura? En muchos casos, se ha observado que hay una divergencia entre ambos procedimientos (vease Rayner, 1998). En el experimento, los participantes habian de leer frases que podian o no contener palabras homofonas (e.g., Yesterday we ate/dined at about eight in the evening) de manera que era posible estudiar la influencia del codigo fonologico activado por la presentacion de la primera palabra homofona mediante el registro de los movimientos oculares. Los resultados no mostraron ningun efecto del homofono sobre la palabra-test, lo que sugiere que si bien los codigos fonologicos son empleados para integrar informacion a traves de los movimientos sacadicos (Pollatsek, Lesch, Morris y Rayner, 1992), estos decaen rapidamente. EnglishOne of the most important issues in cognitive psychology is the role played by phonological codes during reading. Using a task involving rapid serial visual presentations (RSVP), Kanwisher and Potter (1990) found that participants had difficulty in representing two instances of the same phonological representation in the phonological store (ate vs. eight). However, can we generalize these findings to a normal reading situation? In many cases, comparisons of RSVP and normal reading have not yielded similar results (Rayner, 1998). In the present eye-movement experiment, participants were presented with sentences containing (or not) homophonic words (e.g., Yesterday we ate/dined at about eight in the evening) to examine the the influence of the phonological activation of homophones in a normal reading situation. The results did not yield any signs of an effect of homophony. The present results suggest that, although phonological codes are probably activated to integrate information across saccades (see Pollatsek, Lesch, Morris y Rayner, 1992), these codes may decay very rapidly in normal silent reading.