Keragaman Jeruk Fungsional Indonesia Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis dan Marka RAPD

Abstract Identification of citrus genetic variability is prerequisite for effective genetic resources management and selection process in breeding program. The objective of the research was to study fifteen accessions of Indonesian functional citrus based on morphological characters and molecular marker. The research was conducted in Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Reserach Institute, Malang, West Java. The morphological variability was based on observation of morphological characters, while molecular variability was based on amplification of RAPD markers. Morphology and molecular diversities were analyzed by DARWin5 program. The results showed that morphological diversity is higher than molecular diversity. The highest morphology diversity occured between Citrumelo and Carrizo Citrange with seedless Lemon (79%), while the highest molecular diversity occured between Lemo Swangi with seedless Lemon (49%). The specific bands were found on Jari Budha, Etrog Citron, and seedless Lemon accessions using RAPD marker OPH15(235,280), on accession with trifoliate leaf (Troyer Citrange, Citrumelo, and Carrizo Citrange) using OPD07(400) and OPC17(416) and on Keprok Tening using OPH04(583) and OPD07(330). Abstrak Identifikasi variabilitas genetik tanaman jeruk diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya genetik dan proses seleksi dalam program pemuliaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari keragaman lima belas aksesi jeruk fungsional Indonesia berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan marka molekuler. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Malang, Jawa Timur. Keragaman morfologis didasarkan pada hasil pengamatan morfologi, sedangkan keragaman molekuler didasarkan pada hasil amplifikasi marka RAPD. Keragaman morfologis dan molekuler dianalisis menggunakan program DARWin5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman morfologis jeruk fungsional Indonesia lebih tinggi dibanding dengan keragaman molekulernya. Keragaman tertinggi berdasarkan karakter morfologis terjadi antara Citrumelo dan Carrizo Citrange dengan Lemon seedless (79%), sedangkan keragaman tertinggi berdasarkan marka RAPD terjadi antara Lemo Swangi dan Lemon seedless (49%). Pita DNA spesifik ditemukan oleh marka OPH15(235,280) pada aksesi Jari Budha, Etrog Citron, dan Lemon seedless, marka OPD07(400) dan OPC17(416) pada aksesi dengan daun tipe trifoliata (Troyer Citrange, Citrumelo, dan Carrizo Citrange) dan OPH04(583) dan OPD07(330) pada aksesi Keprok Tening.