Thin and spherical-cap-shaped LCD with a flexible thin-film driver for use in a smart contact lens

A spherical-cap-shaped liquid crystal display is reported that can be embedded inside a contact lens. A combination of thermoplastic simulations, appropriate choice of materials and thermoforming parameters allowed the realization of a wrinkle-free device that can be used for several applications. The flexible driving electronic consists of metal-oxide TFTs and is powered by thin-film photovoltaics.