"Negative group delay experimentation with tee connector and cable structures", Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. (EPJAP)

The unfamiliar negative group-delay (NGD) phenomenon is experimented with structure constituted by tee-connectors and coaxial cables. The topology of the NGD generator is described. It consists of two parallel 50-Ω characteristic impedance cables. The S-parameter model in function of the cable physical lengths is established. The existence condition enabling to understand the NGD phenomenon is defined. A proof of concept simply is constituted by two three-port SMA connectors, three SMA transitions and 13-cm length cables. The NGD experimentation is performed from 1.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz. Tri-band NGD aspects in good agreement with the theory and simulation is observed experimentally. Particularly, high figure-of-merit NGD circuit with-3 ns NGD level, less than 2 dB insertion loss and 12 dB return loss around 3 GHz centre frequency is measured.-Sebastien Lallechere performed result verifications by simulation.-Blaise Ravelo was the main initiator of the NGD cable-connector structure and the development of the NGD theory.-All authors contributed on the article writing with critical reviews and corrections.